/dev/mem
Rev.2を表示中。最新版はこちら。
/dev/memはページ単位で以下の条件下で、カーネル空間のメモリーを参照するデバイスです。valid_phys_addr_range()で参照範囲がhigh_memory(0x20000:アーキテクチャ依存)以下なら無条件に参照可能で，それ以上の範囲だと、range_is_allowed()で参照範囲がiomem下でIORESOURCE_BUSY && IORESOURCE_EXCLUSIVEであるならエラー(EPERM)エラーとなります。IORESOURCE_BUSY && IORESOURCE_EXCLUSIVEでないiomemリソースでも、System RAM配下のリソースならエラー(EPERM)となります。なお、pagenr <= 256(1M:BIOS領域)なら参照ＯＫです。従って00010000-0009f7ff範囲は、System RAMですが参照可能となります。
上記機能はlinux 2.6では実装されておらず、linux3.3でもCONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEMで構築したシステム下で実装されます。
static const struct file_operations mem_fops = {
.llseek = memory_lseek,
.read = read_mem,
.write = write_mem,
.mmap = mmap_mem,
.open = open_mem,
.get_unmapped_area = get_unmapped_area_mem,
};
static ssize_t read_mem(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
unsigned long p = *ppos;
ssize_t read, sz;
char *ptr;
if (!valid_phys_addr_range(p, count))
return -EFAULT;
read = 0;
while (count > 0) {
unsigned long remaining;
sz = size_inside_page(p, count);
if (!range_is_allowed(p >> PAGE_SHIFT, count))
return -EPERM;
ptr = xlate_dev_mem_ptr(p);
if (!ptr)
return -EFAULT;
remaining = copy_to_user(buf, ptr, sz);
unxlate_dev_mem_ptr(p, ptr);
if (remaining)
return -EFAULT;
buf += sz;
p += sz;
count -= sz;
read += sz;
}
*ppos += read;
return read;
}
#define __pa(x) ((unsigned long) (x))
static inline int valid_phys_addr_range(unsigned long addr, size_t count)
{
return addr + count <= __pa(high_memory);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM
static inline int range_is_allowed(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size)
{
u64 from = ((u64)pfn) << PAGE_SHIFT;
u64 to = from + size;
u64 cursor = from;
while (cursor < to) {
if (!devmem_is_allowed(pfn)) {
printk(KERN_INFO
"Program %s tried to access /dev/mem between %Lx->%Lx.\n",
current->comm, from, to);
return 0;
}
cursor += PAGE_SIZE;
pfn++;
}
return 1;
}
#else
static inline int range_is_allowed(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size)
{
return 1;
}
#endif
int devmem_is_allowed(unsigned long pagenr)
{
if (pagenr <= 256)
return 1;
if (iomem_is_exclusive(pagenr << PAGE_SHIFT))
return 0;
if (!page_is_ram(pagenr))
return 1;
return 0;
}
int iomem_is_exclusive(u64 addr)
{
struct resource *p = &iomem_resource;
int err = 0;
loff_t l;
int size = PAGE_SIZE;
if (!strict_iomem_checks)
return 0;
addr = addr & PAGE_MASK;
read_lock(&resource_lock);
for (p = p->child; p ; p = r_next(NULL, p, &l)) {
if (p->start >= addr + size)
break;
if (p->end < addr)
continue;
if (p->flags & IORESOURCE_BUSY &&
p->flags & IORESOURCE_EXCLUSIVE) {
err = 1;
break;
}
}
read_unlock(&resource_lock);
return err;
}
int __weak page_is_ram(unsigned long pfn)
{
return walk_system_ram_range(pfn, 1, NULL, __is_ram) == 1;
}
int walk_system_ram_range(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long nr_pages,
void *arg, int (*func)(unsigned long, unsigned long, void *))
{
struct resource res;
unsigned long pfn, end_pfn;
u64 orig_end;
int ret = -1;
res.start = (u64) start_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
res.end = ((u64)(start_pfn + nr_pages) << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1;
res.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
orig_end = res.end;
while ((res.start < res.end) &&
(find_next_system_ram(&res, "System RAM") >= 0)) {
pfn = (res.start + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
end_pfn = (res.end + 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
if (end_pfn > pfn)
ret = (*func)(pfn, end_pfn - pfn, arg);
if (ret)
break;
res.start = res.end + 1;
res.end = orig_end;
}
return ret;
}
検証サンプルiomemより
[root@localhost c]# cat iomem_reso.txt child :00000000-ffffffff : PCI mem: 1.0 [BUSY:0] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] child :00000000-0000ffff : reserved: PCI mem 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:00010000-0009f7ff : System RAM: PCI mem 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:0009f800-0009ffff : reserved: PCI mem 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:000a0000-000bffff : PCI Bus 0000:00: PCI mem 1.1 [BUSY:0] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] child :000a0000-000bffff : Video RAM area: PCI Bus 0000:00 0.0 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:000c0000-000c7fff : Video ROM: PCI mem 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:000ca000-000cafff : Adapter ROM: PCI mem 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:000cb000-000cbfff : Adapter ROM: PCI mem 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:000cc000-000cffff : PCI Bus 0000:00: PCI mem 0.1 [BUSY:0] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:000d0000-000d3fff : PCI Bus 0000:00: PCI mem 0.1 [BUSY:0] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:000d4000-000d7fff : PCI Bus 0000:00: PCI mem 0.1 [BUSY:0] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:000d8000-000dbfff : PCI Bus 0000:00: PCI mem 0.1 [BUSY:0] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:000dc000-000fffff : reserved: PCI mem 1.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] child :000f0000-000fffff : System ROM: reserved 0.0 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:00100000-1feeffff : System RAM: PCI mem 1.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] child :00400000-0093411e : Kernel code: System RAM 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:0093411f-00bb6e3f : Kernel data: System RAM 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:00c57000-00d4efff : Kernel bss: System RAM 0.0 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:1fef0000-1fefefff : ACPI Tables: PCI mem 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:1feff000-1fefffff : ACPI Non-volatile Storage: PCI mem 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:1ff00000-1fffffff : System RAM: PCI mem 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] sibling:20000000-febfffff : PCI Bus 0000:00: PCI mem 1.1 [BUSY:0] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] child :20000000-20007fff : 0000:00:0f.0: PCI Bus 0000:00 0.1 [BUSY:0] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1]
全iomemリソースの参照チェック
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
int read_devmem(int fd, unsigned int addr);
char *deverr_name(int err, char *buf);
void get_adress(char *p, unsigned int *start, unsigned int *end)
{
sscanf(p + 8, "%x-%x", start, end);
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
char buff[500], errname[10];
int fd, err;
unsigned int start, end;
FILE *fp;
char *endp;
long value;
fd=open("/dev/mem",0);
fp = fopen("iomem_reso.txt", "r");
while (fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), fp)) {
get_adress(buff, &start, &end);
err = read_devmem(fd, start + 0xfff);
if (err) {
printf("%s:%s", deverr_name(err, errname), buff);
}
if (start >= 0x20000000) {
break;
}
}
fclose(fp);
}
int read_devmem(int fd, unsigned int addr)
{
int r, err = 0;
char buf[1];
lseek(fd,addr, SEEK_SET);
r=read(fd,buf,1);
if(r<1) {
err = errno;
}
return err;
}
char *deverr_name(int err, char *buf)
{
switch (err) {
case EPERM:
strcpy(buf, " EPERM");
break;
case EFAULT:
strcpy(buf, "EFAULT");
break;
default:
strcpy(buf, " OTHER");
break;
}
return buf;
}
[root@localhost c]# ./a.out
EPERM:child :00400000-0093411e : Kernel code: System RAM 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1]
EPERM:sibling:0093411f-00bb6e3f : Kernel data: System RAM 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1]
EPERM:sibling:00c57000-00d4efff : Kernel bss: System RAM 0.0 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1]
EPERM:sibling:1ff00000-1fffffff : System RAM: PCI mem 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1]
EFAULT:sibling:20000000-febfffff : PCI Bus 0000:00: PCI mem 1.1 [BUSY:0] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1]
[root@localhost c]# dmesg
[ 918.089364] Program a.out tried to access /dev/mem between 400000->400001.
[ 918.094529] Program a.out tried to access /dev/mem between 935000->935001.
[ 918.094622] Program a.out tried to access /dev/mem between c57000->c57001.
[ 918.095541] Program a.out tried to access /dev/mem between 1ff00000->1ff00001.
System RAMエリアチェックサンプル(fopen/freadsはlkm下のfreadsより)
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
struct file *fopen(char *file, int mode);
int freads(char *buff, int size, struct file *fp);
int fclose(struct file *fp);
static int find_next_system_ram(struct resource *res, char *name);
static int __is_ram(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages, void *arg)
{
return 1;
}
int __weak page_is_ram(unsigned long pfn)
{
return walk_system_ram_range(pfn, 1, NULL, __is_ram) == 1;
}
int walk_system_ram_range(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long nr_pages,
void *arg, int (*func)(unsigned long, unsigned long, void *))
{
struct resource res;
unsigned long pfn, end_pfn;
u64 orig_end;
int ret = -1;
res.start = (u64) start_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
res.end = ((u64)(start_pfn + nr_pages) << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1;
res.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
orig_end = res.end;
while ((res.start < res.end) &&
(find_next_system_ram(&res, "System RAM") >= 0)) {
pfn = (res.start + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
end_pfn = (res.end + 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
if (end_pfn > pfn)
ret = (*func)(pfn, end_pfn - pfn, arg);
if (ret)
break;
res.start = res.end + 1;
res.end = orig_end;
}
return ret;
}
static int find_next_system_ram(struct resource *res, char *name)
{
resource_size_t start, end;
struct resource *p;
start = res->start;
end = res->end;
for (p = iomem_resource.child; p ; p = p->sibling) {
if (p->flags != res->flags)
continue;
if (name && strcmp(p->name, name))
continue;
if (p->start > end) {
p = NULL;
break;
}
if ((p->end >= start) && (p->start < end))
break;
}
if (!p)
return -1;
if (res->start < p->start)
res->start = p->start;
if (res->end > p->end)
res->end = p->end;
return 0;
}
void get_adress(char *p, unsigned int *start, unsigned int *end)
{
sscanf(p + 8, "%x-%x", start, end);
}
static int __init babakaka_init( void )
{
int ret;
struct file *fp;
char buff[200];
unsigned int start, end;
fp = fopen("iomem_reso.txt", 0);
if (fp) {
printk("System ram\n");
while (freads(buff, sizeof(buff), fp)) {
get_adress(buff, &start, &end);
start += 0xfff;
ret = page_is_ram(start >> PAGE_SHIFT);
if (ret) {
printk("%s\n", buff);
}
}
fclose(fp);
}
return -1;
}
static void __exit babakaka_exit( void )
{
}
module_init(babakaka_init);
module_exit(babakaka_exit);
[root@localhost lkm]# insmod babakaka.ko [root@localhost lkm]# dmesg [ 1861.432741] System ram [ 1861.434028] sibling:00010000-0009f7ff : System RAM: PCI mem 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] [ 1861.436773] sibling:00100000-1feeffff : System RAM: PCI mem 1.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] [ 1861.436954] child :00400000-0093411e : Kernel code: System RAM 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] [ 1861.437131] sibling:0093411f-00bb6e3f : Kernel data: System RAM 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] [ 1861.437307] sibling:00c57000-00d4efff : Kernel bss: System RAM 0.0 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1] [ 1861.438594] sibling:1ff00000-1fffffff : System RAM: PCI mem 0.1 [BUSY:1] [EXCLU:0] [MEM:1]
追記
low_memoryはup to 20000000で、high_memory=20000000という事です。[root@localhost ~]# dmesg | grep "kernel direct mapping" [ 0.000000] kernel direct mapping tables up to 20000000 @ ffb000-1000000
